Environmental Law and Policy: International Agreements and National Implementation

Abstract

Environmental law and policy play a crucial role in addressing global environmental challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. International agreements serve as frameworks guiding national policies, ensuring cooperation among nations to achieve sustainability. However, the effectiveness of these agreements depends on their proper implementation at the national level. This paper explores major international environmental agreements, challenges in their implementation, and policy measures adopted by nations to comply with global environmental standards. These agreements, including the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Basel Convention on Hazardous Waste, establish legal frameworks and commitments for signatory countries. Moreover, the effectiveness of IEAs depends largely on national implementation, enforcement mechanisms, and compliance measures. Environmental law and policy have evolved significantly over the past decades as global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution demand coordinated international and national responses. International environmental agreements (IEAs) have become the cornerstone of global environmental governance, fostering cooperation among nations to mitigate environmental degradation and promote sustainable development

Keywords: Environmental Law, International Agreements, National Implementation, Sustainable Development, Climate Change Policy