Freudian Psychoanalysis in Lord of the Flies: An Analysis of Id, Ego, and Superego in the Main Characters of William Golding's Novel

Abstract

This paper explores Freudian psychoanalytic theory in William Golding's Lord of the Flies, focusing on the characters Jack, Ralph, and Piggy as representations of the 'id,' 'ego,' and 'superego,' respectively. Through Freudian psychoanalysis, the study examines the psychological struggles of the characters as they face the collapse of societal norms on a deserted island. Jack, as the 'id,' embodies primal desires and aggression; Ralph, as the 'ego,' balances reality and morality; and Piggy, as the 'superego,' upholds societal values. The study reveals how Golding uses these characters to explore the fragility of civilization and the underlying savagery of human nature.This paper examines the theme of ego in William Golding's "Lord of the Flies," arguing that the novel presents a scathing critique of the destructive nature of unchecked ego. Through a close reading of the characters of Jack Merridew and Ralph, this paper demonstrates how Golding uses the novel to explore the ways in which ego can lead individuals to prioritize their own desires and interests over the well-being of others. As the novel progresses, the characters' egos become increasingly inflated, leading to a descent into chaos and savagery. This paper contends that Golding's portrayal of the dangers of ego serves as a warning about the importance of humility and cooperation in maintaining social order.