Two representative protest voices of modern Urdu fiction: Shmuel Ahmed and Abdul Samad

Abstract

Shmuel Ahmed's short stories contain a strong protest against the internal defeat of modern man, social chaos and moral decline. In his short stories, protest is not just a slogan but an intellectual and psychological state. He presents the artificiality of urban life, class differences, sexual confusion and the breakdown of human relationships in a deeply symbolic way. In his short stories, the individual is seen living in a society where values ​​have been broken and man is suffering from loneliness, fear and insecurity. Shmuel Ahmed uses symbols, abstraction and internal dialogue in his style, which makes his protest more effective and multifaceted. In Abdul Samad's short stories, protest is mostly prominent at the political, social and cultural levels. He especially made the problems of Indian Muslims, identity crisis, sectarianism, poverty and exploitation the subject of his short stories. In Abdul Samad, protest comes out in a realistic way. He describes the lives of the deprived sections of society, their sufferings and social injustices in an unbiased manner. His stories force the reader to think about how man is fighting for his identity and dignity in modern society. Both Shmuel Ahmed and Abdul Samad are important protest storytellers of modern Urdu fiction, but their style of protest differs. Shmuel Ahmed's protest is more psychological, symbolic and internal in nature, while Abdul Samad's protest is linked to social realism and political consciousness.

Key Words: Shmuel Ahmed, Abdul Samad, Psychological, Muslims, Identity crisis, Sectarianism, Poverty, Political consciousness.