Climate Change and Human Security in Pakistan: Policy Breaches and Strategic Response Frameworks

Abstract

Climate change poses a critical threat to human security in Pakistan, a country highly vulnerable to environmental shocks due to its geographical, socio-economic, and institutional landscape. This paper explores the multifaceted impacts of climate change ranging from extreme weather events and water scarcity to food insecurity and forced migration and how these disrupt livelihoods, exacerbate existing vulnerabilities, and strain governance structures. Despite numerous policies and action plans at the national and provincial levels, significant gaps remain in implementation, coordination, and long-term strategic planning. Drawing on comparative case studies, policy analysis, and stakeholder input, the paper proposes a comprehensive strategic response framework tailored to Pakistan's unique challenges. This includes strengthening institutional resilience, integrating climate risk into national security planning, enhancing community-based adaptation mechanisms, and fostering regional cooperation. The findings underscore the urgent need for a holistic, inclusive, and adaptive governance approach to safeguard human security in the face of escalating climate threats.