Estimation of Green House Gases (GHG) by Solid Waste in Lahore

Abstract

Lahore's fast urbanization has resulted in a large rise in municipal solid waste (MSW), which presents serious environmental problems. Every day, Lahore produces over 6,000 tons of solid garbage, most of which is dumped in uncontrolled landfills and open dumps. These activities significantly increase emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), which hasten climate change and environmental deterioration. This study uses the IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the First-Order Decay (FOD) model to
estimate GHG emissions from solid waste disposal in Lahore. Data were gathered through field surveys and secondary sources, including reports from the Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC). The findings show that organic waste accounts for 55% of Lahore's MSW, resulting in considerable methane emissions owing to anaerobic decomposition. The study indicates that solid waste operations provide roughly 190,000 tons of CO₂ equivalent each year. The study identifies the absence of waste segregation, insufficient recycling, and a lack of methane collection technologies as major contributors to GHG emissions. To address this, the report suggests using integrated waste management systems that include trash segregation, composting, recycling, and methane recovery technology. These solutions have the potential to lower Lahore's carbon footprint while also aligning with climate action goals and providing socioeconomic advantages.