Understanding Gender-Based Differences in Coping Mechanisms and Social Support Among Adolescents in Chitral

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase marked by psychological challenges where coping strategies and social support play pivotal roles in managing stress. Gender differences in these domains remain underexplored in rural contexts like Chitral, Pakistan. Objective: This study investigates gender-based differences in coping mechanisms and perceived social support among adolescents in Chitral. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 adolescents aged 16-19 year, selected via convenience sampling from six colleges. Coping strategies were assessed using the Brief COPE, while perceived social support was measured through the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Independent t-tests were applied to evaluate gender differences. Results: Significant gender differences were observed across coping strategies and social support. Males demonstrated higher use of problem-focused coping (p < .001), whereas females reported greater reliance on emotion-focused (p < .001) and avoidant coping strategies (p = .002). Furthermore, females perceived significantly higher overall social support (p < .001), particularly from friends and significant others, while family support differences were marginal (p = .005). Conclusion: The findings highlight distinct gender patterns in coping and perceived social support among adolescents in Chitral. Females tend to adopt emotion-focused and avoidant coping strategies alongside reporting higher social support levels. These insights underline the need for gender-sensitive mental health interventions aimed at enhancing adaptive coping skills and strengthening support networks within adolescent populations.