Assess Contributory Factor Of Delayed Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Bahawalpur Pakistan

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major challenge to population health in all parts of the world and undiagnosed and delayed cases are particularly dangerous to the health of individuals and populations. In the current literature review, a meta-synthesis of the recent research in Europe, Africa, and Asia has been provided, and the causes of delay in TB diagnosis have been pointed out as multifactorial. General themes that arose in response to evidence seem to be as follows: access to healthcare, socio-cultural stigma, financial challenges, education of healthcare providers, and lack of infrastructural support all come to affect the early detection and treatment of TB. In a study up to 43 percent of TB patients in 12 European cities took more than eight weeks to get a diagnosis, and the issue was higher in populations with low incomes (because of difficulties with money and access to primary care facilities). have also reported the same by misdiagnosis of TB by German general practitioners (47%) particularly in non-endemic areas whereby the presence of minimal formal TB training contributed to diagnostic mistakes. The stigma and fear of social exclusion were also important factors related to the patient. Another factor that influences the care delay caused due to stigma was that 54% of TB patients in Italy delayed care a fact which was also acknowledged who found that 57% of migrants in the 10 European countries experienced delays in diagnosis, exacerbated in case of undocumented migrants.